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By Steve Roensch Hand calculations are good. It is very important that design engineers do hand calculations. It is very important that engineering expert witnesses do hand calculations. For everything but the simplest of part geometries, hand calculations of stress are generally rough estimates. Often they are only in the ballpark of the true maximum stress levels. Sometimes they are only in the ballpark of the average stress levels, and miss the highest stresses entirely. In the span of 50 years, finite element analysis has gone from esoteric research topic to widely available, widely applied mature technology. In the 1980’s, FEA required extremely expensive mainframe computers, very expensive FEA codes and highly trained analysts, and was still implemented at many large corporations. In the 1990’s, Unix workstations provided distributed FEA processing and FEA packages went mainstream, lowering entry costs. A seat of hardware and software still cost many tens of thousands of dollars, and highly trained analysts were still required, and still FEA spread to thousands of companies. In the 2000’s, lower priced FEA packages run well on medium to high-end personal computers, and FEA usage continues to grow. Highly trained analysts are still needed to consistently obtain accurate results, a fact unfortunately ignored by too many in the industry. Why does FEA usage continue to grow when all of these companies already have hand calculations? Because, when applied correctly, FEA works. It delivers accurate stress estimates for parts with geometry too complicated for hand calculations alone, which describes most of today’s parts. Accuracy means that localized stress concentrations can be removed. Accuracy means one less uncertainty, meaning that a lower factor of safety can be considered–resulting in lower weight, lower cost parts that are still stronger and have longer life cycles. Accuracy means that an expert witness can pinpoint areas of concern, and can often nail down the why’s and how’s of a part failure. As discussed in previous issues of Courtroom FEA, this will often point the finger at the responsible party, be it designer, manufacturer or end user. Accuracy can mean reduced lab testing by concentrating the investigation on the suspect areas. Accuracy means credibility. FEA has internal checks that a good analyst needs to apply to verify the results. Hand calculations provide a rough estimate of the results, and the hand calculations and FEA had better match within their accuracies. If not, something is wrong with one or both of them, and the analyst had better correct that. Once they do match, hand calculations are an external check of the detailed FEA results. Hand calculations are good. But they aren’t good enough in a high stakes courtroom battle. (Graphics for this article are available at www.finiteelement.com/newsletter/CourtroomFEA_Vol04.html) Steve Roensch is a mechanical engineering consultant with more than 20 years of professional experience. He has analyzed hundreds of product designs and has served as an expert witness across many industries, including giving depositions and court testimony. Learn more about mechanical engineer expert witness services at http://www.FiniteElement.com. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Steve_Roensch http://EzineArticles.com/?Courtroom-FEA:-But-my-Expert-Has-Hand-Calculations&id=119583 online pharmacy prescription xanax buy xanax online without prescription xanax no prescription required xanax pharmacy

By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Ethan_K._Roberts]Ethan K. Roberts At first glance financing a boat is a terrifying task. Most bankers approve or disapprove boat loans in less than an hour; they enjoy offering instant gratification on loans. If the lender has an Internet web site, they can often make a decision in minutes, 24 hours per day, and seven days a week. You simply just have to fill out a form, click the submit button, and you should know in a very short amount of time the answer. When going about the task of selecting the proper lender, make sure they have a specialty in boat loans. This is particularly important when choosing to buy a used boat, if they are specialized in boat loans they will know the laws pertaining to boats and liens. Simply put, a knowledgeable lender can save you the trouble of buying a boat that does not have a clear title that may end up costing you literally thousands of dollars to pay off just to clear it. Loan officers that specialize in boat loans will also have knowledge about how to add value and subtract for options or damage to the boat. Contact various lenders and shop around for the best terms. You should compare the various interest rates, down payment, and terms of their loan. Keep in mind the smaller the payment, the longer the loan will last. It is advisable to obtain a shorter loan term if you can afford higher payments. Shorter loan terms, in general, cost less than longer. Typically, the standard down payment on a boat is about 20 percent. There are some situations where a lender may require more as a down payment; several things will determine the amount of down payment, such as credit history and amount of the loan. On the subject of credit, you should prior to applying for a loan, check your own credit history, if you notice any errors or outdated information it is important that you get them corrected before you apply. Prospective lenders will always check your credit prior to approving a boat loan. There are other factors a lender will very likely consider when determining your eligibility for a loan. These factors include your salary, ratio of the installment debt to that of your income, job stability, and your disposable income. The total debt you incur monthly to income ratio cannot exceed more than 30 percent of your gross income, if it does it is likely you will not be approved for a loan. If this occurs, you should consider waiting until you have relieved yourself of some debt and apply again. When you are considering how much money you should apply for, keep in mind any additional items that are not included in the purchase price. Add the costs for these into the price of the boat, as well as extended service contracts with the dealer for the engine and drive, do not forget insurance as well. These are all things to consider when applying for a boat loan. Ethan K. Roberts writes on a variety of topics not limited to [http://www.boat-loan-advice.info]boat loans. More articles at [http://boat-loan-advice.info/sitemap.html]used boat loans and [http://www.monster-resources.com/?cat=12]boat loan articles. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ethan_K._Roberts http://EzineArticles.com/?Boat-Loans—And-How-to-Get-One&id=142223 buy ultram without prescription ultram tramadol order pharmacy order tramadol online prescription of tramadol

By Matthew Martins Even a small greenhouse opens up new gardening horizons - from early vegetables to orchids. With equipment in ready supply it’s possible to create a complete controlled growing environment which will run on auto pilot. One of the biggest advantages of a greenhouse is that it frees a gardener from dependence on the weather. Inside the hothouse, under cover of glass (or plastic) you can grow plants which would suffer badly from the rain, wind and cold if grown outside. Greenhouses can be heated or unheated. An unheated greenhouse offers no protection against frost, but it will provide your plants with more warmth during the growing season. The extra heat trapped by the greenhouse speeds up the ripening period and produces better flowers from decorative plants. Unheated greenhouses also offer protection against the elements - wind and rain - and shield your crops from attack by birds, pests and animals. A major advantage of greenhouses is that they extend the growing season. Plants can start growing early in spring, and either be kept in the greenhouse or later transferred to the garden. In the greenhouse they will continue growing well into fall. This lengthened growing season is achieved by the heat of the sun being trapped by the glass or plastic covering during spring, and, in the fall, warmth accumulated in the soil and brickwork during the hot season is released back into the greenhouse. A typical use of unheated greenhouses is to grow tomatoes during spring and summer, and, in fall, when the tomatoes have been discarded, late flowering chrysanthemums can be cultivated to brighten the approach of winter. It’s also quite common nowadays for gardeners to grow grapes and melons in unheated greenhouses. Unheated greenhouses are also suitable for a wide range of half-hardy shrubs, lilies, gladioli, annuals, and other bulbs which will produce the finest blooms. Lettuces, radishes, French beans, carrots, potatoes, and all out-of-season vegetables which are normally grown in cloches or frames are equally suited to growing in unheated greenhouses. Matthew Martins is a regular hobby greenhouse contributor at Greenhousesblog.com. Drop by greenhousesblog.com to check out the information and resources on all aspects of greenhouse gardening. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Matthew_Martins http://EzineArticles.com/?Greenhouse-Gardening&id=224036 eliminate debt without paying it back bankruptcy-debt-elimination eliminate credit card debt without paying erase credit card card credit debt eliminating

By Carl Mueller Ive been laid off so if it has happened to you, I know the feeling. Actually I’ve been laid off twice. The first time, I was walking into the office first thing in the morning and found my manager putting a note on the door stating that all our training classes had been cancelled for the day. I worked for a training company at the time. Given the sad look on her face and our recent low sales results, I knew this was pretty bad so I asked her if I needed to bother unpacking my lunch for that day. She said I didnt. The company went out of business that day I found myself out of a job for the first time since I was 16. The second time I was laid off was a case of a company restructuring. Up until this time, I had experienced several other corporate restructurings and had managed to survive each of them. The first company I worked for after leaving university regularly restructured and I survived four major ones. The last restructuring that occurred, the seven other people in my group were laid off. I was the only one who survived. Getting laid off can be a very devastating experience especially if you really relied on the position for income (who doesnt?) or if you have been employed with the company for a significant period of time and havent had to look for a job recently. The job search market has certainly changed over the past ten years even if you just consider the effect that the Internet has had on it. If you have found yourself the victim of a layoff or downsizing, here are some tips to keep in mind when you are looking to get your career back on track: 1. Dont take it personally. Corporate downsizings are a way of life especially if youve worked in the Internet business or auto industry! Dont disparage your former employer during interviews and dont hold a grudge. This will appear noticeable when you are speaking with people who can influence your ability to find a new job and might hurt your level of motivation and attitude. The last thing you want after being laid off is to become despondent or depressed. Thinking negatively about your former employer will certainly negatively affect the success of your job search. Also, don’t take it personally if on the day of the layoff, you are escorted out of the building or given 30 minutes to pack up your stuff and leave. This is fairly standard and although it can feel pretty brutal, it’s generally how things occur. The first time I was laid off, our computer access had already been taken away and we were given 30 minutes after being notified to pack up our belongings and leave. 2. Figure out how you will handle the layoff in your resume and during interviews. If you were laid off as part of a larger corporate restructuring or simply had your job eliminated, this is what you should be telling people during interviews if you are asked why you are no longer with the company. In other words, you tell the truth. Some people want to try to sugarcoat the situation or invent an elaborate story especially if they are embarrassed about being unemployed or if they think being unemployed will hurt their chances when compared to other job candidates who are currently working. This is a natural feeling but the best thing to do is simply tell the truth. Plus, you might actually luck out: Sometimes a company needs to hire someone as soon as possible and if you are the only candidate who can start right away since you dont need to give several weeks notice to your current employer, all things being equal, you might get the job over other suitable candidates. Ive seen this happen. 3. Figure out a plan to get your job search in gear as soon as possible. This doesnt mean you actually have to start looking for a new job right away. You might decide this is a perfect time to take a vacation or to take some time off to figure out what youd actually like to do next in your career. The best thing to do is to immediately start thinking of the methods you will utilize to get your career back on track. Among other things, you might:Let family, friends and former colleagues know that you are looking for a new job. They might know someone who knows someoneOften this is the best way to get your name out there. Knowing someone and being in the right place at the right time is a legitimate and popular way of finding a new job. Find several recruiters that can help you with your job search. Recruiters are paid when they help companies find people to hire and they are experts in the job search field. Good recruiters can help supplement your job search and make you aware of positions you might not have otherwise known about. Find several relevant and possibly industry or job-related Internet job boards that at a minimum will help you see jobs in your industry that are currently available. Even if you choose not to post your resume, you might get a better sense as to what the market is like for people with your skills and experience. At the end of the day, getting laid off is a fact of life for many people during their careers. Until youve experienced it, you might not actually realize how to deal with it. If you are laid off, move as quickly as possible to close one door and figure out what you need to do to open the new doors that are about to appear in front of you. Remaining motivated and keeping a positive attitude will be key to your success. Carl Mueller is an Internet entrepreneur and professional recruiter who has written an ebook for career-minded individuals: http://www.RecruiterSecretsRevealed.com Recruiter Secrets Revealed sheds light on job search and career management “secrets” that you can use to supercharge your career and distinguish yourself from other job searchers. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Carl_Mueller http://EzineArticles.com/?Recently-Laid-Off?-How-to-Quickly-Rebound&id=101369 phentermine pharmacy net mexican pharmacy phentermine phentermine w out prescription somewhere that sells phentermine diet pills

By Cathy Goodwin Q. My performance review was disappointing, although Ive had two promotions in the last four years. My boss said I needed to work on showing more leadership skills when Im working on a team. When I try to pin him down for a discussion, he brushes me aside. A. As you move up the ladder, youll be expected to work on your own, with less and less feedback and direction. A lack of feedback can be a sign that youre trusted and respected. Youre expected to read between the lines and interpret unwritten signals. Start with these three questions: Q1. What is your companys culture around performance reviews? In some cultures, youre expected to take a negative review in stride. Responding will be viewed as defensive and insecure behavior. Other cultures value discussion and at least the appearance of openness. Q2. What signals are you sending? Your boss needs to know that youre willing to talk tough. You can say something like, Dont worry about hurting my feelings. Just share with me anytime, even if its something small. Then act on your promise. You might say, Im happy with my review just trying to learn. Can you give me some specific examples of situations where I could have demonstrated more leadership? And examples of what youre looking for? Q3. Whats the unwritten message? Your boss may be absolutely delighted with your performance, but the rules (formal or informal) require him to include negative along with positive feedback. So he threw in some comments about leadership, which dont amount to much. The key is to take your performance review in context. If youre receiving tangible recognition increased responsibility, invitations to key meetings, attention from major players youll appear insecure if you worry about your performance review. But if youre getting warning signals missed meetings, weaker assignments you need to understand whats really going on. Cathy Goodwin, Ph.D., works with executives, business-owners and professionals who want to transform career breakdowns to career breakthroughs.Cathy has created the 21-Day Extreme Career Makeover: http://www.cathygoodwin.com/21days.htmlFr*e Download: Why most career change fails (and how you can write your own success story) http://www.cathygoodwin.com/subscribeHow to Ace Your Performance Review (whether you’re a rising star or a renegade) http://www.cathygoodwin.com/perfreviewbook.html mailto:goodwincathy@yahoo.com or (206) 819-0989 Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Cathy_Goodwin http://EzineArticles.com/?Career-Planning—Winning-the-Performance-Review-Game&id=168933 pharmacy tramadol hcl dosing dreampharmaceuticals buy tramadol online tramadol online no prescription buy tramadol online

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